ÀüÆı¤ÆļÒÀÚ

½Ç½À-02 PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î(Printed Circuit Board Transmission Lines)

 

I. ÀÌ·Ð

1. Àμâȸ·Î±âÆÇ(PCB)¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Àü¼Û¼±·ÎÀÇ Á¾·ù

¤· ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³: Á¢Áö¸é + À¯Àüü + ½ºÆ®¸³

¤· ½ºÆ®¸³¼±·Î: Á¢Áö¸é + À¯Àüü + ½ºÆ®¸³ + À¯Àüü + Á¢Áö¸é

¤· CPW(coplanar waveguide): À¯Àüü + (Á¢Áö¸é + ½ºÆ®¸³ + Á¢Áö¸é)

¤· GCPW(grounded coplanar waveguide): (Á¢Áö¸é + ºñ¾ÆȦ) + À¯Àüü + À¯Àüü + (Á¢Áö¸é + ½ºÆ®¸³ + Á¢Áö¸é)

¤· ½½·Ô¼±·Î: À¯Àüü + (Á¢Áö¸é + ½ÅÈ£¸é)

¤· CPS(coplanar strip): À¯Àüü + (½ÅÈ£¼± + ½ÅÈ£¼±)

 

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture1-121221043838-phpapp02/95/high-performance-printed-circuit-boards-lecture-1-30-638.jpg?cb=1356064778

±×¸² L2.1 PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î

 

¤· ´ÙÃþȸ·Î ±âÆÇ¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ Àü¼Û¼±·Î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

¤· Ãþ°£ ¿¬°áÀ» À§ÇØ ºñ¾ÆȦ(via hole) »ç¿ë

http://techdocs.altium.com/sites/default/files/wiki_attachments/209845/Pcb_Obj-Via_Via_LayerStackup.png

1: Blind via, 2: Buried via, 3: Through-hole via

±×¸² L2.2 ´ÙÃþȸ·Î±âÆÇ(MLB) ±¸Á¶[CircuitMaker]

 

https://www.hdl.co.jp/XCM-014/top.800.jpg  https://www.hdl.co.jp/XCM-014/bot.800.jpg

(a) ÁÂ: ȸ·Îº¸µå À­¸é, ¿ì: µÞ¸é

http://jaunty-electronics.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/LNB_II_Inside_II.png

(b)

http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/pic/smtrm.big.jpg

(c)

http://post.queensu.ca/~freund/research/wireless/circuits/Rx_HBT.jpg

(d)

https://www.i-micronews.com/images/Reports/MEMS/Images_reports/Bosch_Mid_Range_Radar_MRR_Sensor_Image2.jpg

(e) ÁÂ: RF ȸ·Îº¸µå, ¿ì: Á¦¾î/½Åȣó¸® ȸ·Îº¸µå

±×¸² L2.3 PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ Á¦Ç°. (a) Xilinx XCM-014 FPGA º¸µå, (b) Norsat 8520 C-band 3.4-4.2GHz LNB ȸ·Î, (c) Standardised Modular Transmit/Receive Module (SMTRM) [EADS Defence & Security], (d) Queens' University 27-30GHz GaInP/GaAs HBT ¼ö½Å±â Ĩ ȸ·Î, (e) ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿ë 77GHz Á߰Ÿ® ·¹ÀÌ´õ [Bosch]

¤· ±×¸² L2.3Àº PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ Á¦Ç°, ºÎÇ°ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¤· ½ÇÁ¦ Á¦Ç°¿¡´Â ´ÜÃþ¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ´ÙÃþ(¿¹: 12Ãþ, 24Ãþ)ÀÇ PCB°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

¤· °í¼Ó µðÁöÅРȸ·Î, ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·ÎÆÄ/¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍÆÄ ´ÙÃþȸ·Î ±âÆǼ³°è: °íµµÀÇ Àü¹®±â¼ú ÇÊ¿ä

 - ´ÙÃþ¿¡ ¼±·Î¸¦ ÃÖÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÄ¡(·¹À̾ƿô)ÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú

 - ¼±·Î°£ °£¼·ÀÌ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­µÇµµ·Ï ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú

 - °í¼ÓµðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ¿Ö°î, °íÁÖÆÄ ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ¹Ý»ç/°¨¼è°¡ ÃÖ¼Ò°¡ µÇµµ·Ï ·¹À̾ƿôÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú

 - ¼³°èµÈ ´ÙÃþ PCBÀÇ ½ÅÈ£Àü¼Û Ư¼ºÀ» ¸ðµ¨¸µÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú

 

¤· ´ÜÀÏ ¼±·ÎÀÇ Æ¯¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º ¼³°è´Â »ó¿ëÅøÀÇ ¼±·Î¼³°è ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

¤· º¹ÀâÇÑ ´ÙÃþ PCB ȸ·Î ¼³°è¿¡´Â °í¼º´É CAD Åø »ç¿ë Çʼö

 

¤· »ó¿ë RF PCB ¼³°è Åø

        Company                        Tool Name                   Features                                 

        Keysight                         ADS                             Powerful RF simulation

        AWR                              Microwave Office       Schematic, layout, simulation, optimization, tuning

        Altium                            Designer                       Most-widely used for general PCB layout

        CST                                PCB Studio                 Powerful RF simulation

        Mentor                            Xpedition                     PCB design + RF design

        Durst                               Hyde                            Up to 50 layers

        CAD Design Services   MRFD                         PCB design + RF design

 

¤· ±×¸² L2.4´Â CAD Dessign Services »çÀÇ Master RF Designer Suite(MRFD) »ç·Ê¸¦ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

http://www.cad-design.com/software/masterrf_cen.gif

(a)

http://www.cad-design.com/software/rf_02.gif   http://www.cad-design.com/software/rf_01.gif

(b)

http://www.cad-design.com/software/3d_rf.gif

(c)

http://www.cad-design.com/software/pcb_done.gif

(d)

±×¸² L2.4 RF ȸ·Î°³¹ß Åø[CAD Dessign Services »çÀÇ Master RF Designer Suite(MRFD)]. (a) °³¹ßȯ°æ, (b) RF ¼ÒÀÚ ¸ðµ¨¸µ Åø, (c) RF ȸ·Î ¸ðµ¨¸µ Åø, (d) ´ÙÃþ±âÆÇ ·¹À̾ƿô Åø

 

2. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î(Microstrip Line)

1) Á߿伺

- Àμâȸ·Î, ÀμâÇü ¾ÈÅ׳ªÀÇ ±âº» ¿ä¼Ò

- ÀúÁÖÆĺÎÅÍ ¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍÆıîÁö »ç¿ë

- ȸ·ÎÆÐÅÏ ±¸Çö: »ó¿ë ±âÆÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© È­ÇÐÀû ½Ä°¢ (etchiing), ¹ÝµµÃ¼ °øÁ¤ (Áø°øÁõÂø Æ÷ÇÔ), ±â°èÀû °¡°ø µî

 

 

2) ±¸Á¶

 

https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/microstrip-filters-for/9781118002124/OEBPS/images/c04f001.jpg

±×¸² L2.5 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ ±¸Á¶

 

       

          (a)                            (b)

±×¸² L2.6 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î ´Ü¸é¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÇ (a) Àü±âÀå ºÐÆ÷, (b) ÀÚ±âÀå ºÐÆ÷

 

https://www.ecse.rpi.edu/frisc/theses/LWangThesis-MS/Image134.gif

±×¸² L2.7 ¸¶Å©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ Àü·ùºÐÆ÷

 

3) ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼³°è °ø½Ä

¤· Àü·ùºÐÆ÷

     : ground current density

¤· À§»óÁ¤¼ö/ÆÄÀå

     : ¼±·Î»ó ÆÄÀå (wavelength)

     : Áø°ø¿¡¼­ Æò¸éÆÄÀÇ ÆÄÀå

     : À¯È¿ À¯Àü»ó¼ö (effective dielectric constant)

     : À§»óÁ¤¼ö (phase constant)

     : ±æÀÌ LÀÎ ¼±·Î Åë°úÈÄ À§»óÁö¿¬

     : Àü±âÀû ±æÀÌ (electrical length) (´ÜÀ§: radian)

     : À§»ó¼Óµµ (phase velocity)

     : ±æÀÌ LÀÎ ¼±·Î Åë°úÈÄ ½Ã°£Áö¿¬

¤· À¯È¿ À¯Àü»ó¼ö[Hammerstad(1975)]

    

¤· Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º[Hammerstad(1975)]

¤· °¨¼è (attenuation)

- À¯Àüü ¼Õ½Ç (dielectric loss)

- µµÃ¼ ¼Õ½Ç (conductor loss)

- Ç¥¸éÆÄ ¼Õ½Ç (loss due to surface wave conversion)

- ¹æ»ç ¼Õ½Ç (loss due to radiation)

- °íÂ÷¸ðµå ¼Õ½Ç (loss due to higher-order mode conversion)

     : ÃѼսÇ

     : µµÃ¼¼Õ½Ç[Hammerstad(1975)]

     [Delinger(1980)]

 

¤· ºÐ»ê (dispersion): ÁÖÆļö¿¡ µû¶ó °¡ º¯ÇÏ´Â Çö»ó

    

     : Hammerstad and Jensen(1980)

 

¤· Á¾´Ü º¸»ó

     : Hammerstad(1981)

     : fringing capacitance

 

¤· »ç¿ë »óÇÑ ÁÖÆļö: ÁÖÆļö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÒ¼ö·Ï Ç¥¸éÆÄ ¹ß»ý, °íÂ÷¸ðµå ¹ß»ý µîÀ¸·Î Àü¼Û¼±À¸·Î¼­ ¼º´É °¨¼Ò. °¢ ¸ðµåÀÇ Â÷´Ü ÁÖÆļö ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë

     : ÃÖÀú Ç¥¸éÆÄ ¸ðµå Â÷´ÜÁÖÆļö

     : ÃÖÀú °íÂ÷ ¸ðµå Â÷´ÜÁÖÆļö

      

 

¤· ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î °è»êÅø

(1) RHDH

- ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/msline.htm

- ½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/sline.htm

- CPW: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/cpw.htm

- GCPW: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/cpwg.htm

- ½½·Ô ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/slotline.htm

- CPS ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/cps.htm

 

3. ±âŸ ¼±·Î

1) CWP

¤· Ư¡

- ±âÆÇÀÇ µÎ²²¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¼±·ÎÀÇ ÆøÀ» ÀûÀýÇÑ °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³°èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±âÆÇÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¾ãÀ¸¸é ¼±·ÎÆøµµ ³Ê¹« ¾ã¾ÆÁö°Å³ª, ³Ê¹« µÎ²¨¿ì¸é ¼±·ÎÆøµµ ³Ê¹« µÎ²¨¿öÁø´Ù.

- ¼±·Î¿Í Á¢Áö¸éÀÇ °¡±õ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ °æ¿ìº¸´Ù ¼±·Î »óºÎ°ø°£ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±âÀå ºÐÆ÷ ¿µ¿ªÀÌ °¨¼Ò. µû¶ó¼­ ȸ·Î»óÀÚÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó ¶Ñ„bÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÌ Àû´Ù.

 

II. ½Ç½À

1. PCB ¼±·Î ¼³°è

¤· ´ÙÀ½ ¼±·Î¸¦ RFDHÀÇ ¿Â¶óÀÎ °è»êÅøÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³°èÇ϶ó.

- ±âÆÇ: FR-4, h = 1.0 mm, ¥år = 4.3, tan¥ä = 0.02, t = 0.035mm (¼±·Î ¹× Á¢Áö¸é)

- ÁÖÆļö: 1GHz

a) ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

- ¼±·Î´Ü¸é Ä¡¼ö

b) ½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: À¯Àüü Ãѵβ² 1mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

c) CPW: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

d) GCPW without via holes: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

e) ½½·Ô ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 150¥Ø

f) CPS ¼±·Î: ¼±·Î°£°Ý 0.3mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 150¥Ø

 

2. PCB ¼±·Î Çؼ®

¤· ´ÙÀ½ ¼±·Î¸¦ CST Microwave Studio¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Æ÷Æ®¸¸ Çؼ®ÇÏ°í ´ÙÀ½ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°í¼­·Î ÀÛ¼ºÇ϶ó.

- ±âÆÇ: FR-4, h = 1.0 mm, ¥år = 4.3, tan¥ä = 0.02, t = 0.035mm (¼±·Î ¹× Á¢Áö¸é)

- ±âÆÇ Å©±â 30¡¿30mm

- ÁÖÆļö: 1GHz

(Âü°í) Wave port ¼³Á¤: ¼±·ÎÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÇؼ® ½Ã Àü¼Û¼± ´Ü¸éÀÇ Àü±âÀå/ÀÚ±âÀå ºÐÆ÷¸¦ °è»êÇÑ´Ù. Æ÷Æ® ¸éÀÇ »ç°¢Çü ¸éÀûÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼±·Î ´Ü¸é Àü±âÀåÀÌ Àü·Â ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÃÑÀü·ÂÀÇ 95% ÀÌ»óÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǵµ·Ï ÃæºÐÈ÷ Å©°Ô ¼³Á¤. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ °æ¿ì Æ÷Æ®¸é °¡·Î´Â ¼±·Î ÆøÀÇ ¾à 5¹è, ³ôÀÌ´Â À¯Àüü ³ôÀÌÀÇ 4¹è Á¤µµ·Î ¼³Á¤

 

a) ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

- Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ Àü±âÀå º¤ÅÍ 2Â÷¿øµµ

- Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º ¼³°è °ª(¥Ø)

- ÀüÆÄ»ó¼ö ¥â (rad/m)

b) ½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: À¯Àüü Ãѵβ² 1mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

c) CPW: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

d-1) GCPW without via holes: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø

d-2) GCPW with via holes: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø, ºñ¾ÆȦ Á÷°æ 0.5mm, ºñ¾ÆȦ Á߽ɰ£ °£°Ý 2mm, »óºÎÁ¢ÁöÆÇ Å׵θ®¿¡¼­ ºñȦÁ߽ɱîÁö °£°Ý 1mm

e) ½½·Ô ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 100¥Ø

f) CPS ¼±·Î: ¼±·Î°£°Ý 0.3mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 100¥Ø

 

III. °íÂû

¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì 1GHz¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇè³ëÆ®ÀÇ °ø½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ª(ÁÖÆļö ºÐ»êÈ¿°ú ¹«½Ã)°ú À§¿¡¼­ ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ǿ¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ªÀ» ºñ±³Ç϶ó.

1. Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º(¥Ø)

2. ÀüÆÄ»ó¼ö ¥â (rad/m)