ÀüÆı¤ÆļÒÀÚ
½Ç½À-02 PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î(Printed Circuit Board Transmission Lines)
I. ÀÌ·Ð
1. Àμâȸ·Î±âÆÇ(PCB)¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Àü¼Û¼±·ÎÀÇ Á¾·ù
¤· ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³: Á¢Áö¸é + À¯Àüü + ½ºÆ®¸³
¤· ½ºÆ®¸³¼±·Î: Á¢Áö¸é + À¯Àüü + ½ºÆ®¸³ + À¯Àüü + Á¢Áö¸é
¤· CPW(coplanar waveguide):
À¯Àüü + (Á¢Áö¸é + ½ºÆ®¸³ + Á¢Áö¸é)
¤· GCPW(grounded coplanar
waveguide): (Á¢Áö¸é + ºñ¾ÆȦ) + À¯Àüü + À¯Àüü + (Á¢Áö¸é + ½ºÆ®¸³ + Á¢Áö¸é)
¤· ½½·Ô¼±·Î: À¯Àüü + (Á¢Áö¸é + ½ÅÈ£¸é)
¤· CPS(coplanar strip): À¯Àüü + (½ÅÈ£¼± + ½ÅÈ£¼±)
±×¸² L2.1 PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î
¤· ´ÙÃþȸ·Î ±âÆÇ¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ Àü¼Û¼±·Î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¤· Ãþ°£ ¿¬°áÀ» À§ÇØ ºñ¾ÆȦ(via hole) »ç¿ë
1: Blind via, 2: Buried via, 3: Through-hole via
±×¸² L2.2 ´ÙÃþȸ·Î±âÆÇ(MLB) ±¸Á¶[CircuitMaker]
(a) ÁÂ: ȸ·Îº¸µå À¸é, ¿ì: µÞ¸é
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e) ÁÂ: RF ȸ·Îº¸µå, ¿ì: Á¦¾î/½Åȣó¸® ȸ·Îº¸µå
±×¸² L2.3 PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ Á¦Ç°. (a) Xilinx XCM-014 FPGA
º¸µå, (b) Norsat 8520
C-band 3.4-4.2GHz LNB ȸ·Î, (c) Standardised Modular
Transmit/Receive Module (SMTRM) [EADS Defence &
Security], (d) Queens' University 27-30GHz GaInP/GaAs HBT ¼ö½Å±â Ĩ ȸ·Î, (e) ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿ë 77GHz Á߰Ÿ® ·¹ÀÌ´õ [Bosch]
¤· ±×¸² L2.3Àº PCB Àü¼Û¼±·Î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ Á¦Ç°, ºÎÇ°ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¤· ½ÇÁ¦ Á¦Ç°¿¡´Â ´ÜÃþ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ´ÙÃþ(¿¹: 12Ãþ, 24Ãþ)ÀÇ PCB°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¤· °í¼Ó µðÁöÅРȸ·Î, ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·ÎÆÄ/¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍÆÄ ´ÙÃþȸ·Î ±âÆǼ³°è: °íµµÀÇ Àü¹®±â¼ú ÇÊ¿ä
- ´ÙÃþ¿¡ ¼±·Î¸¦ ÃÖÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÄ¡(·¹À̾ƿô)ÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú
- ¼±·Î°£ °£¼·ÀÌ ÃÖ¼Òȵǵµ·Ï ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú
- °í¼ÓµðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ¿Ö°î, °íÁÖÆÄ ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ¹Ý»ç/°¨¼è°¡ ÃÖ¼Ò°¡ µÇµµ·Ï ·¹À̾ƿôÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú
- ¼³°èµÈ ´ÙÃþ PCBÀÇ ½ÅÈ£Àü¼Û Ư¼ºÀ» ¸ðµ¨¸µÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú
¤· ´ÜÀÏ ¼±·ÎÀÇ Æ¯¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º ¼³°è´Â »ó¿ëÅøÀÇ ¼±·Î¼³°è ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¤· º¹ÀâÇÑ ´ÙÃþ PCB ȸ·Î ¼³°è¿¡´Â °í¼º´É CAD Åø »ç¿ë Çʼö
¤· »ó¿ë RF PCB ¼³°è Åø
Company Tool
Name Features
Keysight ADS Powerful
RF simulation
AWR Microwave
Office Schematic,
layout, simulation, optimization, tuning
Altium Designer Most-widely
used for general PCB layout
CST PCB
Studio Powerful
RF simulation
Mentor Xpedition PCB
design + RF design
Durst Hyde Up
to 50 layers
CAD
Design Services MRFD PCB
design + RF design
¤· ±×¸² L2.4´Â CAD Dessign Services »çÀÇ Master RF Designer Suite(MRFD)
»ç·Ê¸¦ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
±×¸² L2.4 RF ȸ·Î°³¹ß Åø[CAD Dessign Services »çÀÇ Master RF Designer Suite(MRFD)].
(a) °³¹ßȯ°æ, (b) RF ¼ÒÀÚ ¸ðµ¨¸µ Åø, (c) RF ȸ·Î ¸ðµ¨¸µ Åø, (d) ´ÙÃþ±âÆÇ ·¹À̾ƿô Åø
2. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î(Microstrip Line)
1) Á߿伺
- Àμâȸ·Î, ÀμâÇü ¾ÈÅ׳ªÀÇ ±âº» ¿ä¼Ò
- ÀúÁÖÆĺÎÅÍ ¹Ð¸®¹ÌÅÍÆıîÁö »ç¿ë
- ȸ·ÎÆÐÅÏ ±¸Çö: »ó¿ë ±âÆÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÈÇÐÀû ½Ä°¢ (etchiing), ¹ÝµµÃ¼ °øÁ¤ (Áø°øÁõÂø Æ÷ÇÔ), ±â°èÀû °¡°ø µî
2) ±¸Á¶
±×¸² L2.5 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ ±¸Á¶
(a)
(b)
±×¸² L2.6 ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î ´Ü¸é¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÇ (a) Àü±âÀå ºÐÆ÷, (b) ÀÚ±âÀå ºÐÆ÷
±×¸² L2.7 ¸¶Å©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ Àü·ùºÐÆ÷
3) ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼³°è °ø½Ä
¤· Àü·ùºÐÆ÷
: ground current density
¤· À§»óÁ¤¼ö/ÆÄÀå
: ¼±·Î»ó ÆÄÀå (wavelength)
: Áø°ø¿¡¼ Æò¸éÆÄÀÇ ÆÄÀå
: À¯È¿ À¯Àü»ó¼ö (effective dielectric constant)
: À§»óÁ¤¼ö (phase constant)
: ±æÀÌ LÀÎ ¼±·Î Åë°úÈÄ À§»óÁö¿¬
: Àü±âÀû ±æÀÌ (electrical length) (´ÜÀ§: radian)
: À§»ó¼Óµµ (phase velocity)
: ±æÀÌ LÀÎ ¼±·Î Åë°úÈÄ ½Ã°£Áö¿¬
¤· À¯È¿ À¯Àü»ó¼ö[Hammerstad(1975)]
¤· Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º[Hammerstad(1975)]
¤· °¨¼è (attenuation)
- À¯Àüü ¼Õ½Ç (dielectric loss)
- µµÃ¼ ¼Õ½Ç (conductor loss)
- Ç¥¸éÆÄ ¼Õ½Ç (loss due to surface wave conversion)
- ¹æ»ç ¼Õ½Ç (loss due to radiation)
- °íÂ÷¸ðµå ¼Õ½Ç (loss due to higher-order mode conversion)
: ÃѼսÇ
: µµÃ¼¼Õ½Ç[Hammerstad(1975)]
[Delinger(1980)]
¤· ºÐ»ê (dispersion): ÁÖÆļö¿¡ µû¶ó °¡ º¯ÇÏ´Â Çö»ó
: Hammerstad and Jensen(1980)
¤· Á¾´Ü º¸»ó
: Hammerstad(1981)
: fringing capacitance
¤· »ç¿ë »óÇÑ ÁÖÆļö: ÁÖÆļö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÒ¼ö·Ï Ç¥¸éÆÄ ¹ß»ý, °íÂ÷¸ðµå ¹ß»ý µîÀ¸·Î Àü¼Û¼±À¸·Î¼ ¼º´É °¨¼Ò. °¢ ¸ðµåÀÇ Â÷´Ü ÁÖÆļö ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ë
: ÃÖÀú Ç¥¸éÆÄ ¸ðµå Â÷´ÜÁÖÆļö
: ÃÖÀú °íÂ÷ ¸ðµå Â÷´ÜÁÖÆļö
¤· ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î °è»êÅø
(1) RHDH
- ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/msline.htm
- ½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/sline.htm
- CPW: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/cpw.htm
- GCPW: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/cpwg.htm
- ½½·Ô ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/slotline.htm
- CPS ¼±·Î: http://www.rfdh.com/rfdb/cps.htm
3. ±âŸ ¼±·Î
1) CWP
¤· Ư¡
- ±âÆÇÀÇ µÎ²²¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¼±·ÎÀÇ ÆøÀ» ÀûÀýÇÑ °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³°èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±âÆÇÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¾ãÀ¸¸é ¼±·ÎÆøµµ ³Ê¹« ¾ã¾ÆÁö°Å³ª, ³Ê¹« µÎ²¨¿ì¸é ¼±·ÎÆøµµ ³Ê¹« µÎ²¨¿öÁø´Ù.
- ¼±·Î¿Í Á¢Áö¸éÀÇ °¡±õ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ °æ¿ìº¸´Ù ¼±·Î »óºÎ°ø°£ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ±âÀå ºÐÆ÷ ¿µ¿ªÀÌ °¨¼Ò. µû¶ó¼ ȸ·Î»óÀÚÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó ¶Ñ„bÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÌ Àû´Ù.
II. ½Ç½À
1. PCB ¼±·Î ¼³°è
¤· ´ÙÀ½ ¼±·Î¸¦ RFDHÀÇ ¿Â¶óÀÎ °è»êÅøÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³°èÇ϶ó.
- 񃒀: FR-4, h
= 1.0 mm, ¥år
= 4.3, tan¥ä
= 0.02, t = 0.035mm
(¼±·Î ¹× Á¢Áö¸é)
- ÁÖÆļö: 1GHz
a) ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
- ¼±·Î´Ü¸é Ä¡¼ö
b) ½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: À¯Àüü Ãѵβ² 1mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
c) CPW: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
d) GCPW without via
holes: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
e) ½½·Ô ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 150¥Ø
f) CPS ¼±·Î: ¼±·Î°£°Ý 0.3mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 150¥Ø
2. PCB ¼±·Î Çؼ®
¤· ´ÙÀ½ ¼±·Î¸¦ CST Microwave Studio¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Æ÷Æ®¸¸ Çؼ®ÇÏ°í ´ÙÀ½ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°í¼·Î ÀÛ¼ºÇ϶ó.
- 񃒀: FR-4, h
= 1.0 mm, ¥år
= 4.3, tan¥ä
= 0.02, t = 0.035mm
(¼±·Î ¹× Á¢Áö¸é)
- ±âÆÇ Å©±â 30¡¿30mm
- ÁÖÆļö: 1GHz
(Âü°í) Wave port ¼³Á¤: ¼±·ÎÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÇؼ® ½Ã Àü¼Û¼± ´Ü¸éÀÇ Àü±âÀå/ÀÚ±âÀå ºÐÆ÷¸¦ °è»êÇÑ´Ù. Æ÷Æ® ¸éÀÇ »ç°¢Çü ¸éÀûÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼±·Î ´Ü¸é Àü±âÀåÀÌ Àü·Â ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÃÑÀü·ÂÀÇ 95% ÀÌ»óÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǵµ·Ï ÃæºÐÈ÷ Å©°Ô ¼³Á¤. ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ °æ¿ì Æ÷Æ®¸é °¡·Î´Â ¼±·Î ÆøÀÇ ¾à 5¹è, ³ôÀÌ´Â À¯Àüü ³ôÀÌÀÇ 4¹è Á¤µµ·Î ¼³Á¤
a) ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
- Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ Àü±âÀå º¤ÅÍ 2Â÷¿øµµ
- Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º ¼³°è °ª(¥Ø)
- ÀüÆÄ»ó¼ö ¥â
(rad/m)
b) ½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·Î: À¯Àüü Ãѵβ² 1mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
c) CPW: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
d-1) GCPW without via
holes: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø
d-2) GCPW with via holes:
Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 50¥Ø, ºñ¾ÆȦ Á÷°æ 0.5mm, ºñ¾ÆȦ Á߽ɰ£ °£°Ý 2mm, »óºÎÁ¢ÁöÆÇ Å׵θ®¿¡¼ ºñȦÁ߽ɱîÁö °£°Ý 1mm
e) ½½·Ô ¼±·Î: Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 100¥Ø
f) CPS ¼±·Î: ¼±·Î°£°Ý 0.3mm, Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º 100¥Ø
III. °íÂû
¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î½ºÆ®¸³ ¼±·ÎÀÇ °æ¿ì 1GHz¿¡¼ ½ÇÇè³ëÆ®ÀÇ °ø½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ª(ÁÖÆļö ºÐ»êÈ¿°ú ¹«½Ã)°ú À§¿¡¼ ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼ǿ¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ªÀ» ºñ±³Ç϶ó.
1. Ư¼º ÀÓÇÇ´ø½º(¥Ø)
2. ÀüÆÄ»ó¼ö ¥â
(rad/m)